At Amazon, we know that water is a precious resource. We’re committed to doing our part to help solve this rapidly growing challenge in the communities where we operate, as investment in local water resources is known to improve health, empower women, enable access to education, increase family income, and improve overall quality of life.
Progress
18B+liters of water expected to be returned each year to local communities through Amazon’s water replenishment efforts
0.15liters of water per kilowatt-hour water use effectiveness on average globally for AWS data centers, a 40% improvement since 2021
53%towards AWS water positive by 2030 in 2024, up from 41% in 2023
Our approach
Amazon has public commitments to return more water to communities than we use in AWS direct operations globally by 2030, and in the direct operations of all Amazon facilities in India by 2027. To meet these commitments and support a more resilient and water-secure future, we are working to reduce our global water footprint and prioritizing action to address water scarcity, access, and quality in the most high-risk regions of our operations.
We drive progress through the following strategies:
Reduce: We're constantly working to reduce our water use. We increase our water use efficiency and reduce local withdrawals by installing water-conserving measures in buildings and use cloud-based Internet of Things (IoT) technology to analyze real-time water use and identify leaks.
Reuse: We strive to source water from more sustainable sources, such as recycled and/or harvested rainwater, to minimize demands on public water supplies.
Replenish: We invest in water replenishment projects that increase water access, availability, and quality by restoring watersheds and bringing clean water, sanitation, and hygiene services to water-stressed communities.
Amazon’s water commitment to India by 2027
In 2024, we announced a goal to return more water to communities in India than we use in our direct operations by 2027.
We are continuing improve water efficiency across all Amazon facilities in India. We are using on-site sewage treatment plants at 27 logistics sites to recycle greywater for toilet flushing and irrigation, which is expected to save an estimated 279 million liters of water per year. We’re adding to our existing water replenishment projects by supporting projects in our communities that improve water availability and quality in water-stressed areas.
In 2022, we announced our commitment to being water positive by 2030. That means we’ll return more water to communities and the environment than we use in our data center operations. In 2024, AWS was 53% of the way towards water positive, up from 41% in 2023.
To do this, we’re increasing the use of more sustainable water sources, improving water use efficiency across our operations, reusing water as much as possible, and supporting water replenishment projects for communities and the environment around the world.
We already use recycled water for cooling at 24 data centers around the world, and we will expand our use of water recycling to more than 120 locations in U.S. states and counties where we have data center operations by 2030. By scaling our use of recycled water—water that has been previously used and treated—we expect to preserve over 530 million gallons of drinking-water supply in our communities throughout the U.S. each year while building a more sustainable cloud for our customers.
How AWS will return more water than it uses by 2030
The Water-AI Nexus™ Center of Excellence
The Water-AI Nexus Center of Excellence is a first-of-its kind initiative that will develop sustainable water practices for AI infrastructure while also using AI to solve global water challenges. This knowledge hub at the confluence of water and AI brings together water utilities, technology companies, and researchers to address the complex relationship between digital infrastructure and water sustainability.
Amazon is proud to be a founding leader of this initiative alongside the Water Environment Federation, The Water Center at the University of Pennsylvania, and Leading Utilities of the World.
We’re investing in projects to reduce the water footprint of our facilities and expand water availability in the communities where we operate.
Explore recent global progress
Spain
Amazon launched three new water projects in Aragon, Spain, where AWS Europe (Spain) Region is located. Amazon and its project partners are using advanced cloud computing technologies such as AI and Internet of Things (IoT) to work with the Zaragoza City Municipality on innovative flood management, irrigation efficiency, and water infrastructure improvements which will benefit 700,000 residents.
Amazon collaborated with Fido Tech, a cloud-based water leak detection company, to identify and reduce leakage in the water system in Spain’s Villanueva de Gallego community where AWS has data center operations. In total, 21 leaks or other types of water loss were identified and, after fixing a high-priority set of these losses, the project is reducing water loss by an estimated 33 million liters per year.
Amazon is collaborating with Mediodes to deliver runoff from farm fields near AWS’s Spain operations for irrigation of a downstream poplar grove, helping to reduce the amount of runoff contaminated with nutrients entering the Ebro. The project is expected to deliver 864 million liters of clean water each year to the community, contributing to both improved water quality and reductions in the amount of water withdrawn from the Ebro for irrigation.
The Maipo Basin is the largest source of irrigation and potable water for the Metropolitan Santiago and Valparaiso regions of Chile. However, excessive use of the water from the river has contributed to extreme water scarcity. AWS is partnering with local farmers and climate-tech company Kilimo to reduce water use in the basin. About 67 hectares of agricultural land will be converted from flood to drip irrigation, resulting in an estimated 200 million liters of water savings each year.
In recent years, São Paulo has struggled with water shortages caused by climate change and rapid urban growth. In collaboration with Fundação SOS Mata Atlantica, this project will work to restore 44 hectares of forest in the watershed serving São Paulo by planting 100,000 native trees in legally protected areas designed to conserve vital environmental features. These Permanent Preservation Areas aim to improve groundwater recharge, reduce erosion, and enhance water quality in regions facing significant water stress. Once completed, this is expected to help replenish 144 million liters of water annually.
Brazil
SABESP is South America's largest water utility serving 28 million people. Amazon is working with SABESP and Aganova to leverage Aganova’s AI-powered acoustic leak detection technology to help identify the precise location of leaks for repair. On-the-ground engineering support will be provided by Aganova’s local partner, EFFICO. The solution, which is built on AWS, is expected to save an estimated 210 million liters of water annually—water that would otherwise be lost before reaching homes and businesses.
Brazil
AWS is partnering with Kilimo in Brazil. The Teite River is one of the most historically significant and economically important rivers serving Brazil’s most populous city, São Paulo. However, water scarcity is impacting the lives and livelihoods of surrounding communities. Kilimo’s AI solution built on AWS will calculate water consumption, monitor soil quality, and provide irrigation recommendations through intelligent monitoring for participating farmers. Collectively, this will conserve an estimated 200 million liters of water each year.
Two data centers in Brazil have rainwater collection systems that supply a portion of the facilities’ cooling water needs, decreasing demands on community water systems.
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China
The Miyun Reservoir is the most crucial water source for Beijing, China. AWS is working with the Beijing LongTech Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, to reconstruct degraded portions of the riverbank and install wetlands and buffer zones to naturally treat polluted runoff from farms. The project is expected to be completed this year and will return nearly 39 million liters of clean water each year for the community with potential for more as the project progresses.
AWS is supporting a second project in China consisting of two constructed wetland efforts that will treat flows of untreated sewage flowing into neighboring rivers. The efforts will collectively return over 40 million liters of water to these rivers each year when completed in 2026.
AWS announced plans to open Hong Kong’s first data center that uses recycled water for cooling operations. The data center will use recycled water from a government water reclamation plant instead of using fresh water for its cooling systems, reducing demand on Hong Kong’s potable water supply.
In a public-private collaboration with the city of Hermiston, Amazon is funding an aquifer storage and recovery project which will store water annually during winter months for year-round community use.
We’re supporting the National Audubon Society’s program to provide water to the Rio Grande—a major U.S. river that experiences recurring droughts—and two urban wetlands. This initiative is expected to help replenish over 120 million liters of water annually.
This project aims to restore and protect 20,000 acres of longleaf pine forests in the Pee Dee River basin. By bringing these forests back to health through practices such as prescribed burns to remove competing vegetation, the project with the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation will help more rainwater soak into the ground and nearby rivers—resulting in in an expected 1.6 billion liters of water replenished annually.
In northwest Indiana, we’re working with crop-intelligence company Arable to deploy precision irrigation technology that’s built on AWS, using AI, to enable farmers to make better and more informed irrigation decisions.
In the Kankakee River watershed, we’re working with The Wetlands initiative to create a ‘Smart Wetland’ which naturally removes excess nutrients from agricultural runoff before it enters local waterways.
Amazon is working with agricultural technology leader Arable and Mississippi State University to implement advanced irrigation efficiency solutions that will help farmers make more precise decisions about water use. Altogether, the project is expected to reduce agricultural water withdrawals by 150 million gallons annually—enough water to supply over 1,600 Mississippi households for an entire year.
Working in close coordination with the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Trout Unlimited, and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) this project will benefit Birch Creek, a critical tributary of the Umatilla River in eastern Oregon. The voluntary program compensates willing landowners for leaving water in the natural watershed instead of diverting it for other uses, helping to restore instream flows.
In collaboration with the Washington Water Trust (WWT) and community partners, this drought relief program in Clallam County on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula enhances stream flows to help aid in healthy salmon runs in the Dungeness River.
AWS is supporting the global non-profit The Nature Conservancy and others to restore 11 acres of wetlands. The project will slow down and filter water while providing wildlife habitat in Licking County just outside Columbus. This will reduce nutrient pollution in Buckeye Lake and improve streams draining into the lake. The project is expected to be completed in 2026 and filter 77 million gallons of water each year. The combined funding from multiple companies will serve as a new repeatable model of corporate funding for water improvement projects.
With River Partners, a California-based nonprofit, AWS is helping to repair native ecosystems in some of California’s most imperiled river corridors. The project will reconnect rivers to floodplains and side channels, retire agricultural irrigation to conserve water and replenish freshwater ecosystems, enhance wildlife habitat that supports threatened and endangered species, and improve flood management. Upon completion in 2027, these projects will generate more than 1.6 billion liters of volumetric benefits each year.
Amazon is collaborating with Stroud Water Research Center to work with farmers to implement soil health practices on 2,300 acres, including the conversion of cropland to a no-till and cover crop management system. This aims to improve water quality in headwater streams and downstream communities.
Amazon is working with The Freshwater Trust to recharge groundwater and increase instream flows using water rights from a local irrigation district, increasing summer flows into the Sacramento River and Bay-Delta and improving wildlife habitats.
Amazon is working with Great Eastern Ranges to restore the health and functioning of fire-damaged parts of the major catchment serving Sydney, Australia. This project aims to enhance catchment health and water quality, to help benefit local communities and nature by reducing polluted stormwater runoff, increasing groundwater recharge, enhancing local biodiversity, and supporting wildlife.
Three data centers in Singapore use recycled wastewater instead of drinking water, leaving higher quality water to serve community needs.
Indonesia
Amazon is collaborating with Habitat for Humanity’s Indonesian chapter to help deliver reliable and safe water supply to five villages surrounding AWS’s data centers in the Karawang District of West Java, west of Jakarta. These projects will install wells, water treatment systems, and water storage, providing nearly 6,000 people with new access to an estimated 200 million liters of clean and safe water each year.
In Maharashtra’s Vaitarna hydrobasin, Amazon’s project developed with the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), is expected to replenish 1.3 billion litres annually when completed in 2027 and benefit 700 farming families. The project will implement a range of measures to replenish water, such as ponds to harvest rainwater, field bunding – where low embankments are built around fields – and improved drainage networks. These solutions aim to control soil erosion, increase water storage, provide irrigation supply, and boost local agricultural productivity while enhancing groundwater across the region.
Amazon is partnering with SayTrees, a local environmental organization, to undertake a comprehensive restoration of Yamare and Sai Reddy Lakes. The projects will involve desilting the lakes, restoring bund formations, and repairing inlet and outlet structures. These efforts are expected to increase the water volume capture potential of Yamare Lake and Sai Reddy Lake by more than 571 million liters combined.
Amazon is collaborating with local non-profit SEARCH to rehabilitate 10 existing water storage ponds and construct 100 new ponds across 12 villages, aiming to deliver 86 million liters of water back to the community each year.
Amazon partnered with the nonprofits Water.org and WaterAid to bring clean water and sanitation to over 250,000 people surrounding our regions in India.
In collaboration with Hasten Regeneration, Amazon is supporting a groundwater recharge project in the Yamuna River watershed, upstream from New Delhi. The project integrates rehabilitating existing water infrastructure and building new water-saving structures while incorporating vegetation to prevent erosion, enhance soil moisture, and improve landscapes. Once completed, it is expected to replenish more than 400 million liters of water annually.
Amazon partnered with The Nature Conservancy to restore 300 hectares of land, clearing the parcels of invasive species and increasing water availability in the watershed serving Cape Town.
Amazon is working with The Rivers Trust and local member trust Action for the River Kennet to create two wetlands on the River Kennet, recharging groundwater and improving water quality in the Thames River basin. In 2025, we expanded this collaboration with a new floodplain restoration project with The Rivers Trust in the Thames River basin, increasing the expected water replenished annually by 215 million liters per year.
Amazon is working with the Swedish municipality of Katrineholm and local water supply company Sörmland Vatten to create a new wetland just outside of Katrineholm in Stora Djulö. This aims to help reduce flooding, improve water quality and biodiversity, and provide citizens with a new recreational space for outdoor activities, such as hiking, biking, and birdwatching.
Amazon is partnering with Tabayama Village in Yamanashi Prefecture, one of the Tokyo metropolitan area's important water sources to implement Japan's first water source recharge project over the next 10 years. This project aims to improve the condition of the village's forests and secure and strengthen water resources.
Amazon is supporting watershed restoration across 259 hectares near Quadalajara, Mexico. In working with environmental company Toroto, the project aims to replenish 150 million liters of water each year through the implementation of nature-based interventions such as planting practices which reduce runoff and increase groundwater recharge.
Amazon is collaborating with global water technology leader Xylem to help reduce water loss in the water distribution networks of Mexico City and Monterrey through a combination of leak repairs and installation of AWS-powered pressure management technology. In Querétaro, Amazon is working with Aquestia to install their water-pressure management technology to decrease water loss through existing pipe leaks, with the goal of providing immediate water savings. These initiatives are expected to collectively replenish more than 2.5 billion liters of water annually—equivalent to 1,000 Olympic swimming pools—by addressing one of the region’s most pressing challenges: water loss from aging infrastructure.
Amazon launched three new water projects in Aragon, Spain, where AWS Europe (Spain) Region is located. Amazon and its project partners are using advanced cloud computing technologies such as AI and Internet of Things (IoT) to work with the Zaragoza City Municipality on innovative flood management, irrigation efficiency, and water infrastructure improvements which will benefit 700,000 residents.
Amazon collaborated with Fido Tech, a cloud-based water leak detection company, to identify and reduce leakage in the water system in Spain’s Villanueva de Gallego community where AWS has data center operations. In total, 21 leaks or other types of water loss were identified and, after fixing a high-priority set of these losses, the project is reducing water loss by an estimated 33 million liters per year.
Amazon is collaborating with Mediodes to deliver runoff from farm fields near AWS’s Spain operations for irrigation of a downstream poplar grove, helping to reduce the amount of runoff contaminated with nutrients entering the Ebro. The project is expected to deliver 864 million liters of clean water each year to the community, contributing to both improved water quality and reductions in the amount of water withdrawn from the Ebro for irrigation.
The Maipo Basin is the largest source of irrigation and potable water for the Metropolitan Santiago and Valparaiso regions of Chile. However, excessive use of the water from the river has contributed to extreme water scarcity. AWS is partnering with local farmers and climate-tech company Kilimo to reduce water use in the basin. About 67 hectares of agricultural land will be converted from flood to drip irrigation, resulting in an estimated 200 million liters of water savings each year.
In recent years, São Paulo has struggled with water shortages caused by climate change and rapid urban growth. In collaboration with Fundação SOS Mata Atlantica, this project will work to restore 44 hectares of forest in the watershed serving São Paulo by planting 100,000 native trees in legally protected areas designed to conserve vital environmental features. These Permanent Preservation Areas aim to improve groundwater recharge, reduce erosion, and enhance water quality in regions facing significant water stress. Once completed, this is expected to help replenish 144 million liters of water annually.
Brazil
SABESP is South America's largest water utility serving 28 million people. Amazon is working with SABESP and Aganova to leverage Aganova’s AI-powered acoustic leak detection technology to help identify the precise location of leaks for repair. On-the-ground engineering support will be provided by Aganova’s local partner, EFFICO. The solution, which is built on AWS, is expected to save an estimated 210 million liters of water annually—water that would otherwise be lost before reaching homes and businesses.
Brazil
AWS is partnering with Kilimo in Brazil. The Teite River is one of the most historically significant and economically important rivers serving Brazil’s most populous city, São Paulo. However, water scarcity is impacting the lives and livelihoods of surrounding communities. Kilimo’s AI solution built on AWS will calculate water consumption, monitor soil quality, and provide irrigation recommendations through intelligent monitoring for participating farmers. Collectively, this will conserve an estimated 200 million liters of water each year.
Two data centers in Brazil have rainwater collection systems that supply a portion of the facilities’ cooling water needs, decreasing demands on community water systems.
Displaying 1 of 1
Displaying 1 of 1
China
China
The Miyun Reservoir is the most crucial water source for Beijing, China. AWS is working with the Beijing LongTech Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, to reconstruct degraded portions of the riverbank and install wetlands and buffer zones to naturally treat polluted runoff from farms. The project is expected to be completed this year and will return nearly 39 million liters of clean water each year for the community with potential for more as the project progresses.
AWS is supporting a second project in China consisting of two constructed wetland efforts that will treat flows of untreated sewage flowing into neighboring rivers. The efforts will collectively return over 40 million liters of water to these rivers each year when completed in 2026.
AWS announced plans to open Hong Kong’s first data center that uses recycled water for cooling operations. The data center will use recycled water from a government water reclamation plant instead of using fresh water for its cooling systems, reducing demand on Hong Kong’s potable water supply.
In a public-private collaboration with the city of Hermiston, Amazon is funding an aquifer storage and recovery project which will store water annually during winter months for year-round community use.
We’re supporting the National Audubon Society’s program to provide water to the Rio Grande—a major U.S. river that experiences recurring droughts—and two urban wetlands. This initiative is expected to help replenish over 120 million liters of water annually.
This project aims to restore and protect 20,000 acres of longleaf pine forests in the Pee Dee River basin. By bringing these forests back to health through practices such as prescribed burns to remove competing vegetation, the project with the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation will help more rainwater soak into the ground and nearby rivers—resulting in in an expected 1.6 billion liters of water replenished annually.
In northwest Indiana, we’re working with crop-intelligence company Arable to deploy precision irrigation technology that’s built on AWS, using AI, to enable farmers to make better and more informed irrigation decisions.
In the Kankakee River watershed, we’re working with The Wetlands initiative to create a ‘Smart Wetland’ which naturally removes excess nutrients from agricultural runoff before it enters local waterways.
Amazon is working with agricultural technology leader Arable and Mississippi State University to implement advanced irrigation efficiency solutions that will help farmers make more precise decisions about water use. Altogether, the project is expected to reduce agricultural water withdrawals by 150 million gallons annually—enough water to supply over 1,600 Mississippi households for an entire year.
Working in close coordination with the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Trout Unlimited, and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) this project will benefit Birch Creek, a critical tributary of the Umatilla River in eastern Oregon. The voluntary program compensates willing landowners for leaving water in the natural watershed instead of diverting it for other uses, helping to restore instream flows.
In collaboration with the Washington Water Trust (WWT) and community partners, this drought relief program in Clallam County on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula enhances stream flows to help aid in healthy salmon runs in the Dungeness River.
AWS is supporting the global non-profit The Nature Conservancy and others to restore 11 acres of wetlands. The project will slow down and filter water while providing wildlife habitat in Licking County just outside Columbus. This will reduce nutrient pollution in Buckeye Lake and improve streams draining into the lake. The project is expected to be completed in 2026 and filter 77 million gallons of water each year. The combined funding from multiple companies will serve as a new repeatable model of corporate funding for water improvement projects.
With River Partners, a California-based nonprofit, AWS is helping to repair native ecosystems in some of California’s most imperiled river corridors. The project will reconnect rivers to floodplains and side channels, retire agricultural irrigation to conserve water and replenish freshwater ecosystems, enhance wildlife habitat that supports threatened and endangered species, and improve flood management. Upon completion in 2027, these projects will generate more than 1.6 billion liters of volumetric benefits each year.
Amazon is collaborating with Stroud Water Research Center to work with farmers to implement soil health practices on 2,300 acres, including the conversion of cropland to a no-till and cover crop management system. This aims to improve water quality in headwater streams and downstream communities.
Amazon is working with The Freshwater Trust to recharge groundwater and increase instream flows using water rights from a local irrigation district, increasing summer flows into the Sacramento River and Bay-Delta and improving wildlife habitats.
Amazon is working with Great Eastern Ranges to restore the health and functioning of fire-damaged parts of the major catchment serving Sydney, Australia. This project aims to enhance catchment health and water quality, to help benefit local communities and nature by reducing polluted stormwater runoff, increasing groundwater recharge, enhancing local biodiversity, and supporting wildlife.
Three data centers in Singapore use recycled wastewater instead of drinking water, leaving higher quality water to serve community needs.
Indonesia
Indonesia
Amazon is collaborating with Habitat for Humanity’s Indonesian chapter to help deliver reliable and safe water supply to five villages surrounding AWS’s data centers in the Karawang District of West Java, west of Jakarta. These projects will install wells, water treatment systems, and water storage, providing nearly 6,000 people with new access to an estimated 200 million liters of clean and safe water each year.
In Maharashtra’s Vaitarna hydrobasin, Amazon’s project developed with the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), is expected to replenish 1.3 billion litres annually when completed in 2027 and benefit 700 farming families. The project will implement a range of measures to replenish water, such as ponds to harvest rainwater, field bunding – where low embankments are built around fields – and improved drainage networks. These solutions aim to control soil erosion, increase water storage, provide irrigation supply, and boost local agricultural productivity while enhancing groundwater across the region.
Amazon is partnering with SayTrees, a local environmental organization, to undertake a comprehensive restoration of Yamare and Sai Reddy Lakes. The projects will involve desilting the lakes, restoring bund formations, and repairing inlet and outlet structures. These efforts are expected to increase the water volume capture potential of Yamare Lake and Sai Reddy Lake by more than 571 million liters combined.
Amazon is collaborating with local non-profit SEARCH to rehabilitate 10 existing water storage ponds and construct 100 new ponds across 12 villages, aiming to deliver 86 million liters of water back to the community each year.
Amazon partnered with the nonprofits Water.org and WaterAid to bring clean water and sanitation to over 250,000 people surrounding our regions in India.
In collaboration with Hasten Regeneration, Amazon is supporting a groundwater recharge project in the Yamuna River watershed, upstream from New Delhi. The project integrates rehabilitating existing water infrastructure and building new water-saving structures while incorporating vegetation to prevent erosion, enhance soil moisture, and improve landscapes. Once completed, it is expected to replenish more than 400 million liters of water annually.
Amazon partnered with The Nature Conservancy to restore 300 hectares of land, clearing the parcels of invasive species and increasing water availability in the watershed serving Cape Town.
Amazon is working with The Rivers Trust and local member trust Action for the River Kennet to create two wetlands on the River Kennet, recharging groundwater and improving water quality in the Thames River basin. In 2025, we expanded this collaboration with a new floodplain restoration project with The Rivers Trust in the Thames River basin, increasing the expected water replenished annually by 215 million liters per year.
Amazon is working with the Swedish municipality of Katrineholm and local water supply company Sörmland Vatten to create a new wetland just outside of Katrineholm in Stora Djulö. This aims to help reduce flooding, improve water quality and biodiversity, and provide citizens with a new recreational space for outdoor activities, such as hiking, biking, and birdwatching.
Amazon is partnering with Tabayama Village in Yamanashi Prefecture, one of the Tokyo metropolitan area's important water sources to implement Japan's first water source recharge project over the next 10 years. This project aims to improve the condition of the village's forests and secure and strengthen water resources.
Amazon is supporting watershed restoration across 259 hectares near Quadalajara, Mexico. In working with environmental company Toroto, the project aims to replenish 150 million liters of water each year through the implementation of nature-based interventions such as planting practices which reduce runoff and increase groundwater recharge.
Amazon is collaborating with global water technology leader Xylem to help reduce water loss in the water distribution networks of Mexico City and Monterrey through a combination of leak repairs and installation of AWS-powered pressure management technology. In Querétaro, Amazon is working with Aquestia to install their water-pressure management technology to decrease water loss through existing pipe leaks, with the goal of providing immediate water savings. These initiatives are expected to collectively replenish more than 2.5 billion liters of water annually—equivalent to 1,000 Olympic swimming pools—by addressing one of the region’s most pressing challenges: water loss from aging infrastructure.
Amazon and Washington Water Trust are working with farmers and the Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe to restore critical stream flows through an innovative water leasing program.
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